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What Is Tax Avoidance vs Tax Evasion

Updated: June 2026 5 min read
Quick Overview: Tax avoidance is legal and involves using legitimate deductions and structures to reduce tax. Tax evasion is illegal and involves deliberately hiding income or falsifying records.
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Andre van Niekerk

Registered Tax Practitioner, Admin Boss

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Table of Contents
  1. Quick Answer
  2. What Is Tax Avoidance
  3. What Is Tax Evasion
  4. Penalties for Tax Evasion
  5. Frequently Asked Questions
Quick Answer

No. Using a tax practitioner to legitimately minimise your tax is legal tax planning, not evasion.

What Is Tax Avoidance

Tax avoidance is the legal use of deductions, exemptions, and tax-efficient structures to minimise your tax liability. Examples include claiming home office deductions, retirement annuity contributions, and medical tax credits.

What Is Tax Evasion

Tax evasion is the illegal non-payment or under-payment of tax. Examples include not declaring cash income, falsifying expense claims, keeping two sets of books, and using fake invoices.

Penalties for Tax Evasion

Tax evasion carries criminal penalties including fines up to double the tax evaded and imprisonment for up to 5 years. SARS has dedicated investigative units and shares data with other government agencies.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is using a tax practitioner tax avoidance?

No. Using a tax practitioner to legitimately minimise your tax is legal tax planning, not evasion.

What should I do if I made a mistake on my return?

Submit a Request for Correction as soon as possible. Honest mistakes are not tax evasion.

Can SARS criminally prosecute for tax evasion?

Yes. SARS can and does criminally prosecute serious cases of tax evasion, leading to fines and imprisonment.

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